Glucagon (1-29) | CAS 16941-32-5 | Peptide Hormone (Research Use Only) | Knowlux

Product Description

Glucagon (1-29), CAS 16941-32-5, is a synthetic peptide hormone supplied by Knowlux for laboratory research use. It is a single-chain polypeptide comprising 29 amino acid residues, corresponding to the biologically active N-terminal fragment of native glucagon. The molecular formula is C153H225N43O49S and the molecular weight is 3482.75 g/mol. Each lot is released with a lot-specific COA, MSDS and full analytical traceability.

Product Parameters

Product Details

1. Overview

Glucagon is a 29-amino-acid peptide hormone secreted by pancreatic alpha cells, and is the principal counter-regulatory hormone to insulin in glucose homeostasis. The (1-29) sequence represents the full biologically active hormone; the N-terminal histidine residue is essential for receptor activation, and truncation or modification of this region abolishes activity. Native glucagon has a very short plasma half-life of approximately 3-6 minutes due to rapid degradation in the liver and kidneys. In pharmaceutical research, glucagon (1-29) serves as the reference sequence for the development of long-acting analogues, dual- and tri-agonists targeting the glucagon receptor (GcgR) for metabolic disease applications.

2. Mechanism of Action

Glucagon binds the glucagon receptor (GcgR), a class B G protein-coupled receptor predominantly expressed in the liver. Receptor activation is primarily Gs-coupled, leading to adenylyl cyclase activation and cAMP accumulation, which in turn activates protein kinase A (PKA). The downstream metabolic consequences include: stimulation of hepatic glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis, resulting in increased blood glucose; inhibition of hepatic protein synthesis and promotion of amino acid uptake for gluconeogenesis; and increased fatty acid oxidation with ketone body production. Beyond glucose regulation, GcgR agonism has been shown in both mice and humans to enhance energy expenditure and suppress food intake, which is the rationale for its investigation in obesity and metabolic disease research.

3. Quality Control

Full COA, MSDS, and lot-specific chromatograms are issued with each shipment. Custom specifications and third-party inspection can be arranged.

4. Applications

• Reference standard and impurity studies for glucagon receptor agonist analytical methods

• GcgR binding and functional assay development

• Formulation development for glucagon-based injectable peptides

• Metabolic disease model research, including hepatic glucose metabolism and energy expenditure studies

• LC-MS, immunoassay and bioassay calibrators

5. Packaging, Storage & Shipping

Lyophilized powder: amber glass vial under nitrogen headspace, sealed with butyl stopper and aluminium crimp. Secondary packing: tamper-evident, light-protected carton with desiccant. Cold-chain shipping with validated gel packs and temperature logger; dry ice for -20 C shipments. COA, MSDS, packing list and certificate of origin issued with each shipment.

6. Documentation Support

Per lot: COA, MSDS, certificate of origin, residual solvent statement, counter-ion specification. Regulatory packages (specification summaries, audit support) available on a project basis.

About Knowlux

Knowlux Biotechnology is a GMP-oriented manufacturer and supplier of peptides, APIs and fine-chemical research compounds, operating from Hubei, China. We serve research groups, CDMOs and distributors in more than 40 countries, and support contract synthesis, custom packaging and technical documentation requests.

Compliance Statement

This product is supplied for laboratory research use only. It is not for human or animal administration, not for diagnostic or therapeutic use, not for retail sale, and not for personal use. Glucagon is approved as a prescription medicine for the treatment of severe hypoglycemia in many jurisdictions; that regulatory status is specific to approved pharmaceutical products and does not extend to this research-grade supply as sold by Knowlux. Research context statements are for scientific reference only and do not constitute medical advice, promotional claims, or dosing guidance.