Levofloxacin Hydrochloride | CAS 177325-13-2 | Fluoroquinolone Antibacterial (Research Use Only) | Knowlux

Product Description

Levofloxacin Hydrochloride, CAS 177325-13-2, is a synthetic fluoroquinolone antibacterial supplied by Knowlux for laboratory research use. It is the hydrochloride salt of levofloxacin, the active S-(-) enantiomer of ofloxacin. The molecular formula is C18H21ClFN3O4 and the molecular weight is 397.83 g/mol. Each lot is released with a lot-specific COA, MSDS and full analytical traceability.

Assay basis clarification: Commercial levofloxacin hydrochloride is traded under two distinct assay conventions that should not be conflated. The pharmacopoeial convention expresses potency as levofloxacin base content (typically >=89.5% on the anhydrous basis for API-grade material). The research-reagent convention expresses purity as HPLC area percent (typically >=98.0% or >=99.0%). Knowlux declares the assay basis on each COA. Commercial listings describe this product as an antibiotic API or finished tablet ingredient; those designations attach to approved pharmaceutical products and do not apply to, and are not represented by, this research-grade lot.

Product Parameters

Product Details

1. Overview

Levofloxacin is a third-generation fluoroquinolone antibacterial and the levo-rotatory S-(-) isomer of ofloxacin. The S-enantiomer exhibits approximately twice the antibacterial activity of the racemic parent compound. It is approved by the FDA and other regulatory agencies for a range of bacterial infections. The hydrochloride salt form is used in both API manufacturing and finished oral dosage forms. Knowlux supplies levofloxacin hydrochloride as a research-grade material for laboratory and analytical use; this supply is not intended for human or veterinary administration and does not constitute a finished drug product.

2. Mechanism of Action (Research Context)

Published research describes levofloxacin as an inhibitor of bacterial DNA gyrase (topoisomerase II) and topoisomerase IV. These enzymes are essential for DNA replication, transcription, and repair. By binding to the enzyme-DNA complex, levofloxacin stabilises double-stranded DNA breaks, blocking the resealing step and leading to accumulation of DNA damage and eventual bacterial cell death. The S-enantiomer binds with higher affinity to the target enzymes than the R-enantiomer, which accounts for its enhanced potency. These descriptions are derived from published research and are provided for scientific reference only. Knowlux makes no claims regarding the efficacy, safety, or suitability of this product for any human application. Promotion of levofloxacin hydrochloride for antibiotic treatment or any clinical indication is not supported by Knowlux and is inconsistent with research-use-only supply.

3. Quality Control

The specification failures that matter most in levofloxacin hydrochloride supply are related to enantiomeric purity (residual R-enantiomer reduces potency) and residual synthetic by-products. Buyers should require a specific chromatographic assay with a declared limit for the R-enantiomer and related substances, not a generic purity figure. Full COA, MSDS, and lot-specific chromatograms are issued with each shipment.

4. Applications

• Reference standard for fluoroquinolone antibacterial analytical method development

• In vitro DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV inhibition studies

• Bacterial susceptibility testing and resistance mechanism research models

• Enantioselective analysis and chiral separation method development

• LC-MS and biochemical assay calibrators

5. Packaging, Storage & Shipping

Powder: amber glass vial or high-barrier foil bag under nitrogen headspace, sealed with tamper-evident closure. Secondary packing: light-protected carton with desiccant. Cold-chain shipping with validated gel packs and temperature logger where required. COA, MSDS, packing list and certificate of origin issued with each shipment.

6. Documentation Support

Per lot: COA, MSDS, certificate of origin, residual solvent statement, heavy metal statement, counter-ion specification, enantiomeric purity report, specific rotation report. Specification summaries and audit support available on a project basis.

About Knowlux

Knowlux Biotechnology is a GMP-oriented manufacturer and supplier of peptides, APIs and fine-chemical research compounds, operating from Hubei, China. We serve research groups, CDMOs and distributors in more than 40 countries, and support contract synthesis, custom packaging and technical documentation requests.

Compliance Statement

This product is supplied for laboratory research use only. It is not for human or veterinary administration, not for diagnostic or therapeutic use, not for retail sale, and not for personal use. Levofloxacin hydrochloride is approved as a prescription antibacterial in many jurisdictions; that regulatory status is specific to the approved pharmaceutical product and does not extend to this research-grade supply as sold by Knowlux. Fluoroquinolones, including levofloxacin, carry boxed warnings regarding disabling and potentially irreversible serious adverse reactions (tendinitis, tendon rupture, peripheral neuropathy, CNS effects); these warnings apply to the approved drug product and are noted here for reference only. Research context statements are for scientific reference only and do not constitute medical advice, promotional claims, or dosing guidance.